نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 169 (امرداد و شهریور 1401)

The effectiveness of narrative therapy on the feelings of inferiority and depression of mothers of mentally retarded children was the aim of this study.

This quasi-experimental study was performed using a quasi-experimental approach and using a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of mentally retarded children in Kashan in the academic year 1398-1399. Using the available sampling method, 24 people were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two groups of 12 people (experimental and control). Participants answered Beck Depression Inventory (1961) and Yao et al.'s (1997) Standard Questionnaire on Pre-Examination, Post-Examination, and Follow-up. The experimental group received narrative-therapy intervention in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours and two sessions per week, while the control group did not receive any intervention during the study. Finally, the research data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures and at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the mean scores of depression and feelings of humiliation in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased significantly in the post-test phase and this decrease remained relatively constant in the follow-up phase (p<0.001).

Based on the results of research, narrative therapy can be considered as an effective intervention method in reducing the psychological problems of mothers of children with mental disabilities.

Many factors can cause parenting stress, including having a child with autism Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on the parenting stress components of mothers of children with autism.

The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and a three-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all mothers of children with autism in Tehran in 2020. Among them, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two group control (15 people) and experimental (15 people). The Parenting Stress Index Questionnaire (Abidin, 1990) was used to collect data. The experimental group received intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy intervention in 12 sessions of 60 minutes (one session per week) individually, and the control group did not receive any intervention. To analyze the research data, one-way multivariate covariance analysis of repeated measurements and post hoc tests were used.

The results showed that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy affected the components of parenting stress (sense of competence, attachment, role limitation, depression, relationship with spouse, social isolation, and parental health) of mothers of children with autism. Effectiveness was maintained after the follow-up period (P <0.01).

Therefore, it can be concluded that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is an effective strategy in improving all the components of parenting stress of mothers with children with autism and can be used as an effective treatment.

Prevention of children's behavioral problems is more important and necessary for parents, teachers, educators, and psychologists. In this article, behavioral-emotional disorders have been defined. Then, to prevent behavioral problems in children, Regular sleep planning is suggested, Finally, the conclusion was made.

Data analysis in the present study was done in a systematic review. Its methodology is also based on collecting, classifying, and summarizing the findings of scientific research articles related to the regular sleep program: a method to prevent emotional-behavioral problems in children from the years 2000 to 2021, taken from the databases of Google Scholar, Elsevier, Absko, Springer, ProQuest, Eric, Ibuki with the keywords of regular sleep program, behavioral problems, children with emotional-behavioral disorders were selected in the initial search of 78 articles and 49 articles were selected that could be reviewed and reviewed. Among them, 20 articles were removed due to lack of relevance to the topic, 6 articles due to oldness, then 3 articles due to duplication in several databases, and finally, 49 articles were selected.

Out of 78 articles based on the identified keywords, 49 papers could be used and reviewed, which we are employing in the field of causes and evaluation methods and how to develop a sleep plan.

Clinical experiences indicate that it is necessary to develop a regular sleep schedule as a technique to prevent behavioral problems in children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parental management training on reducing destructive behavioral disorders in students with intellectual disability.

The present study was performed by quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included the parents of intellectual disability students of exceptional schools in Saqez in 2020-2021. In the first stage, the subjects were selected by available sampling method and after completing the scale of destructive behavioral disorders, Pelham et al.Were appointed. The experimental group received 8 sessions of parental management training as a group and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-20 software.

The results showed that destructive behavioral disorders (total), hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct disorder, oppositional / defiant, attention deficit and unexplained destructive behavior of intellectual disability students had lower scores compared to the group that did not receive parental management training.

Therefore, the findings of the study showed that parental management training has a positive effect on reducing destructive behavior disorders and its subscales in intellectual disability students and its dimensions.

In general, the level of mental health of mothers of children with autism is lower than the parents of normal children and parents of children with chronic diseases, and they use more irrational ideas and beliefs. One of the most widely used and effective methods to improve most psychological features is cognitive behavioral therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CBT treatment on mental health and irrational beliefs of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in Iran by systematic review and meta-analysis.

In this study, a search was performed using valid Persian and English keywords without time limit until 2021. Finally, 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. In order to evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies, Q test and I2 index were used. Data were analyzed using MEDCALC software.

In six studies analyzed with a sample size of 204 people, the mean standardized difference in mental health score in the intervention group with 95% confidence interval (1.340 to 0.427) was 0.883 units higher than the control group. Also, the mean standardized difference of irrational beliefs score in the intervention group with 95% confidence interval (-0.227 to 0.751) was 0.122 units.

The results of meta-analysis of the studies showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective on the mental health of mothers of autistic children but has no effect on their irrational beliefs. Therefore, cognitive-behavioral therapy is recommended as an effective and complementary method to the mental health of mothers of children with autism.

Children and adolescents with Intellectual disabilities due to sedentary lifestyle experience various diseases and significant reduction in physical fitness, which ultimately leads to premature death. The effect of purposeful and structured exercise in improving the physical fitness of this category has been proven. Therefore, the aim of this study was to the effect of different exercise training on physical fitness of children and adolescents with Intellectual disabilities.

This study is a systematic review and the literature of this study are collected in mesh without time limit using the websites of Pubmed, google Scholar, SID, PubMed, Irandoc, Science direct, Scopus and searching for the three keywords " Exercise Training " , " Physical fitness "and " Children and Adolescents with Intellectual disabilities ".

The greatest focus of sports professionals and coaches in designing exercises for children and adolescents with mental disabilities should be on simultaneous participation in sports activities and the development of individual skills, taking into account the intensity of light to moderate activity. This is because it will increase their self-confidence and competence and will lead to their lifelong participation in sports activities.

awareness of their physical fitness and its association with physical activity and exercise helps researchers and sports professionals to develop more effective exercise interventions to improve fitness In this particular and vulnerable population.

Parents with children diagnosed with autism face special and unique challenges in life in the areas of parenting, family, emotional, social and economic issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing the symptoms of chronic depression in mothers with children with autism.

The method of quasi-experimental research was pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population included all mothers with autistic children in Gorgan in 2018. 30 people (15 in the experimental group) and (15 in the control group) were selected as the sample by purposive sampling. The experimental group was trained in groups for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. The research instrument was the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (1995). Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that schema therapy training had a significant effect on reducing chronic depression in mothers with children with autism (p≤ 0.000).

Therefore, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the treatment scheme can be used to treat chronic depression in mothers with children with autism.